Cancer incidence in Spain, 2015

Purpose. Periodic cancer incidence estimates of Spain from all existing population-based cancer registries at any given time are required. The objective of this study was to present the current situation of cancer incidence in Spain. Methods. The Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) estimated the numbers of new cancer cases occurred in Spain in 2015 by applying the incidence-mortality ratios method. In the calculus, incidence data from population-based cancer registries and mortality data of all Spain were used. Results. In 2015, nearly a quarter of a million new invasive cancer cases were diagnosed in Spain, almost 149,000 in men (60.0%) and 99,000 in women. Globally, the five most common cancers were those of colon-rectum, prostate, lung, breast and urinary bladder. By gender, the four most common cancers in men were those of prostate (22.4%), colon-rectum (16.6%), lung (15.1%) and urinary bladder (11.7%). In women, the most common ones were those of breast (28.0%), colon-rectum (16.9%), corpus uteri (6.2%) and lung (6.0%). In recent years, cancer incidence in men seems to have stabilized due to the fact that the decrease in tobacco-related cancers compensates for the increase in other types of cancer like those of colon and prostate. In women, despite the stabilization of breast cancer incidence, increased incidence is due, above all, to the rise of colorectal and tobacco-related cancers. Conclusion. To reduce these incident cancer cases, improvement of smoking control policies and extension of colorectal cancer screening should be the two priorities in cancer prevention for the next years (AU)

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Unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption and risk of stroke in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: High intakes of unprocessed red or processed meat may increase the risk of stroke. We aimed to examine the association between unprocessed red meat, processed meat and total red meat consumption and risk of total stroke and ischaemic stroke. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted based on the data for 41,020 men and women aged 29-69 years at baseline. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 13.8 years, 674 incident cases of stroke (531 ischaemic strokes, 79 haemorrhagic strokes, 42 subarachnoid haemorrhages and 22 mixed or unspecified events) were identified. After multiple adjustment, unprocessed red meat, processed meat and total red meat consumption were not correlated with incidence of total stroke or ischaemic stroke in either men or women. The hazard ratios (HRs) for unprocessed red meat and processed meat and risk of total stroke comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles were, respectively, 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-1.21; P-trend=0.15) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.64-1.32; P-trend=0.82) in men and 1.21 (95% CI 0.79-1.85; P-trend=0.10) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.51-1.27; P-trend=0.17) in women. The HRs for unprocessed red meat and processed meat and risk of ischaemic stroke were, respectively, 0.80 (95% CI 0.51-1.25; P-trend=0.51) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.57-1.29; P-trend=0.77) in men and 1.24 (95% CI 0.74-2.05; P-trend=0.13) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.47-1.42; P-trend=0.31) in women. CONCLUSIONS: In the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption were not associated with risk of stroke in men or women.

Incidencia de infarto agudo de miocardio en la cohorte EPIC España / Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the Spanish epic cohort

Background. There is some evidence that Mediterraneandiet reduces risk of ischemic heart disease, and this is to beinvestigated in the Spanish cohort of the European ProspectiveInvestigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). In thispaper we present the incidence of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in four EPIC Spanish cohorts.Method. Incidence cases were ascertained in EPIC cohortduring the follow up period (from recruitment to the end of2004), by means of self-report questionnaires, hospital morbidityand mortality registries, and population AMI registries.Analysis was restricted to aged 45 to 74. The presentstudy included data from 13,704 women and 19,410 men,after excluding a priori participants with prevalent AMI. Agestandardized incidence rate for each cohort was estimatedand compared with the available population rates.Results. The Median duration of follow-up was 9.3 years, yieldinga total of 297,704 person-years. 391 men and 99 womenpresented AMI in the four cohorts studied. Age standardizedAMI rates in men of the EPIC cohorts go from the lowest 302(CI: 268-335) per 100.000 person-year of Gipuzkoa to the highest330 (CI: 293-367) of Navarra. Women in Navarra presentedthe lowest AMI incidence with 60 (CI: 43-77) per 100,000 andthe highest was observed in Murcia (114, CI: 91-137). The AMIincidence in all EPIC centres are close to the population incidencerates and in any case these are within the EPIC 95% CI.Conclusions. The comparison of incidence in EPIC with populationrates shows very good agreement for acute myocardial infarction(AU)

Antedecentes. Existen evidencias que sugieren que la dietamediterránea reduce el riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca isquémicay esta asociación va a ser investigada en la cohorteespañola del “Estudio europeo sobre cáncer y nutrición”(EPIC). En este artículo se presenta la incidencia de infartoagudo de miocardio (IAM) en 4 de las cohortes españolas.Método. Los casos incidentes de IAM fueron identificadosen la cohorte EPIC durante el periodo de seguimiento (delreclutamiento a finales de 2004), mediante un cuestionarioautorreportado, el registro de altas hospitalarias y de mortalidady registros poblacionales de IAM. El análisis se centróen el grupo de 45 a 74 años de edad. El estudio incluyó cuatrocohortes compuestas de 13.704 mujeres and 19.410 hombres,tras la exclusión a priori de participantes con IAM prevalentes.Se estimó la tasa de incidencia ajustada por edad paracada cohorte, y se comparó con las tasas poblacionales disponibles.Resultados. La duración mediana del seguimiento fue de9,3 años, que aportó un total de 297.704 personas-año. 391hombres and 99 mujeres presentaron IAM en las 4 cohortesestudiadas. Las tasas ajustadas por edad de IAM, en hombres,en las cohortes EPIC se movieron entre los 302 (CI:268-335) casos por 100.000 personas-año de Gipuzkoa, lamenor tasa observada, hasta los 330 (CI: 293-367) de Navarra.Las mujeres navarras presentaron las tasas más bajasde IAM con unas cifras de 60 (CI: 43-77) casos por 100.000,mientras que las mujeres murcianas presentaron las tasasmás altas (114, CI: 91-137). La incidencia de IAM en todaslas regiones EPIC fué similar a la incidencia poblacional conocidade dichas regiones, o bien se mantienen dentro delintervalo de confianza la 95%.Conclusiones. La incidencia de la cohorte EPIC muestragran concordancia con las tasas poblaciones disponiblespara el IAM(AU)

Tratamiento de fístulas arteriovenosas intradurales dorsales medulares: presentación de dos casos / The treatment of intradural arteriovenous fistulas in the spine: two case reports

Introducción. Las fístulas arteriovenosas (FAV) durales medulares son causa de mielopatía de carácter progresivo y, a veces, fluctuante. Aunque el tratamiento endovascular de las malformaciones vasculares medulares ha llegado a ser un tratamiento adyuvante, o incluso único, la cirugía debe ser el tratamiento de elección en determinados casos. Casos clínicos. Dos pacientes varones que debutaron con una mielopatía de carácter progresivo desde dos meses y tres años antes, se diagnosticaron por medio de resonancia magnética y arteriografía medular de unas FAV de localización posterior y pedículo único de la clasificación modificada de Spetzler. Tras un intento de embolización en el primer caso, se intervino quirúrgicamente en ambos casos para el pinzamiento del vaso aferente. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico precoz por medio de la angiografía medular selectiva en pacientes con clínica de mielopatía lentamente progresiva y de curso fluctuante nos permite establecer la indicación quirúrgica como tratamiento de elección de las FAV, lo que puede mejorar el pronóstico de nuestros pacientes e incluso revertir los déficit neurológicos presentados (AU)

Introduction. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) frequently cause progressive myelopathy. Although endovascular approaches to spinal cord vascular malformations become an important adjunct or primary treatment of theses disorders, surgery can be safely performing in some categories. Case reports. Two males patients presented with progressively myelopathy two months and three years before, were diagnosed by typical MRI findings and spinal selective arteriograms of dorsal AVFs with single feeder of Spetzler’s modified classification of spinal cord vascular lesions. After an attempt of embolization following diagnostic angiography in first case, surgical approach for clipping the afferent single feeder was done for both. Conclusions. Early recognition by selective diagnostic spinal angiography in patients with slowly progressive and fluctuating myelopathy, allow us surgery as recommended treatment in AVFs, so can effect a better outcome and often reverse presenting neurologic deficits (AU)

Diferencias sociodemográficas en la adhesión al patrón de dieta mediterránea en poblaciones de España / Sociodemographic differences in adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern in Spanish populations)

Objetivos: Los grupos de nivel social más bajo tienen habitualmente una dieta menos saludable. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la adhesión al patrón de dieta mediterránea entre diferentes grupos demográficos y sociales de la población adulta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en regiones del sur y norte de España, en voluntarios sanos (15.634 varones y 25.812 mujeres) de 29 a 69 años de edad, miembros de la cohorte EPIC en España. Se tuvo en cuenta el consumo de nueve grupos de alimentos para definir el patrón de dieta mediterránea: vegetales, frutas, legumbres, cereales, carne roja, pescado, aceite de oliva, leche y productos lácteos y vino. Se aplicaron dos técnicas de análisis: comparación de la media diaria de consumo de cada grupo, y el cálculo de un escore global para todos los alimentos, por nivel educacional y clase social de origen. Resultados: Los grupos de nivel educacional más bajo consumen más cereales y legumbres, pero menos vegetales, aceite de oliva (las mujeres), leche y productos lácteos (los varones). El consumo de vino está positivamente asociado con la educación en las mujeres y negativamente asociado en los varones. Calculando una puntuación para medir la adhesión global al patrón de dieta mediterránea, las diferencias por cada grupo de alimentos se compensan, y no hay variaciones según el nivel educacional, aunque existen pequeñas diferencias en la clase social de origen (22,52 en la clase más baja y 21,98 en la clase más alta). El índice de adhesión es más bajo en los adultos jóvenes y mujeres, y ligeramente más alto en las poblaciones del sur (23,53 en Murcia) que en las del norte de España (21,64 en Asturias). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que el patrón de dieta mediterránea es bastante uniforme, al menos en las poblaciones adultas de las áreas incluidas en el estudio (AU)

Objectives: Lower social classes tend to eat a less healthy diet. The aim of this study was to compare adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among different demographic and social groups in the adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in southern and northern regions of Spain in healthy volunteers (15,634 men and 25,812 women), aged 29-69 years, who were members of the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer cohort in Spain. Nine groups of food were included in the definition of the Mediterranean diet: vegetables and garden products, fruits, pulses, cereals, red meat, fish, olive oil, milk and milk products, and wine. Two techniques were used in the analysis: comparison of the mean daily intake of each group and calculation of an overall score for all the foods according to educational level ang original social class. Results: Groups with the lowest educational levels consumed more cereals and pulses and lower quantities of vegetables, olive oil (women), milk and milk products (men). Wine consumption was positively associated with education in women and was negatively associated in men. Calculation of a score to measure overall adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern eliminated differences according to each food category. No variations were found according to educational level, but small differences were found in original social class. The adherence score was lowest in young adults and women and was slightly higher in the south than in the north of Spain. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Mediterranean dietary pattern is fairly uniform, at least in the adult population of the regions included in this study (AU)

Estudio prospectivo europeo sobre dieta, cáncer y salud (EPIC) y la investigación sobre dieta y cáncer en Europa / European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition, Cancer and Health (EPIC) and the investigation on nutrition and cancer in Europe

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